라즈베리파이/Jetson-OLED 보조 디스플레이 튜토리얼
Jetson 시리즈 메인 컨트롤러
1. GPIO 핀맵
0.91인치 OLED로 I2C 통신 기능을 테스트합니다. 아래 배선으로 연결하세요:
주의: 잘못 연결하거나 핀 단락을 일으키지 마세요. 실수로 메인보드 하드웨어가 손상될 수 있습니다!
2. I2C 테스트
2.1. 의존성 설치
PowerShell
sudo apt install -y python3-pip
sudo pip3 install smbus
sudo pip3 install Adafruit_SSD13062.2. I2C 장치
정상적인 개발 과정에서는 I2C 장치가 마운트된 버스와 장치 주소를 확인해야 합니다.
(1) I2C 버스 확인
터미널에서 아래 명령을 입력하면 장치의 모든 버스를 나열할 수 있습니다:
PowerShell
i2cdetect -l(2) I2C 장치 확인
터미널에서 아래 명령을 입력하면 지정한 버스의 I2C 장치를 나열할 수 있습니다: oled의 I2C 주소는 0x3c입니다
PowerShell
i2cdetect -y -r *3. IP 주소 포트 확인
ifconfig로 IP 주소 포트를 확인합니다
실제 포트에 맞춰 코드를 변경합니다
4. 실험 결과
Oled_i2c.py 파일을 만듭니다
PowerShell
# (If gedit is not installed) sudo apt install gedit
sudo gedit Oled_i2c.py아래 코드를 복사해 파일에 붙여넣고, 저장 후 닫습니다
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding=utf-8
import time
import os
import sys
i2c_num = 7
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
if str(sys.argv[1]).isdigit():
i2c_num = int(sys.argv[1])
print("i2c_num=", i2c_num)
passwd = "juxi"
cmd_i2c = "sudo i2cdetect -y -r " + str(i2c_num)
os.system('echo %s | sudo -S %s' % (passwd, cmd_i2c))
import Adafruit_SSD1306 as SSD
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
from PIL import ImageFont
import subprocess
class Juxi_OLED:
def __init__(self, i2c_bus=1, debug=False):
self.__debug = debug
self.__i2c_bus = i2c_bus
self.__top = -2
self.__x = 0
self.__total_last = 0
self.__idle_last = 0
self.__str_CPU = "CPU:0%"
def __del__(self):
if self.__debug:
print("---OLED-DEL---")
# 初始化OLED，成功返回:True，失败返回:False
# Initialize OLED, return True on success, False on failure
def begin(self):
try:
self.__oled = SSD.SSD1306_128_32(
rst=None, i2c_bus=self.__i2c_bus, gpio=1)
self.__oled.begin()
self.__oled.clear()
self.__oled.display()
self.__width = self.__oled.width
self.__height = self.__oled.height
self.__image = Image.new('1', (self.__width, self.__height))
self.__draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.__image)
self.__font = ImageFont.truetype("DejaVuSansMono.ttf",8) # ImageFont.load_default()
if self.__debug:
print("---OLED begin ok!---")
return True
except:
if self.__debug:
print("---OLED no found!---")
return False
# 清除显示。refresh=True立即刷新，refresh=False不刷新。
# Clear the display. Refresh =True Refresh immediately, refresh=False refresh not
def clear(self, refresh=False):
self.__draw.rectangle(
(0, 0, self.__width, self.__height), outline=0, fill=0)
if refresh:
self.refresh()
# 增加字符。start_x start_y表示开始的点。text是要增加的字符。
# refresh=True立即刷新，refresh=False不刷新。
# Add characters. Start_x Start_y indicates the starting point. Text is the character to be added
# Refresh =True Refresh immediately, refresh=False refresh not
def add_text(self, start_x, start_y, text, refresh=False):
if start_x > 128 or start_x < 0 or start_y < 0 or start_y > 32:
if self.__debug:
print("oled text: x, y input error!")
return
x = int(start_x + self.__x)
y = int(start_y + self.__top)
self.__draw.text((x, y), str(text), font=self.__font, fill=255)
if refresh:
self.refresh()
# 写入一行字符text。refresh=True立即刷新，refresh=False不刷新。
# line=[1, 4]
# Write a line of character text. Refresh =True Refresh immediately, refresh=False refresh not.
def add_line(self, text, line=1, refresh=False):
if line < 1 or line > 4:
if self.__debug:
print("oled line input error!")
return
y = int(8 * (line - 1))
self.add_text(0, y, text, refresh)
# 刷新OLED，显示内容
# Refresh the OLED to display the content
def refresh(self):
self.__oled.image(self.__image)
self.__oled.display()
# 读取CPU占用率
# Read the CPU usage rate
def getCPULoadRate(self, index):
count = 10
if index == 0:
f1 = os.popen("cat /proc/stat", 'r')
stat1 = f1.readline()
data_1 = []
for i in range(count):
data_1.append(int(stat1.split(' ')[i+2]))
self.__total_last = data_1[0]+data_1[1]+data_1[2]+data_1[3] + \
data_1[4]+data_1[5]+data_1[6]+data_1[7]+data_1[8]+data_1[9]
self.__idle_last = data_1[3]
elif index == 4:
f2 = os.popen("cat /proc/stat", 'r')
stat2 = f2.readline()
data_2 = []
for i in range(count):
data_2.append(int(stat2.split(' ')[i+2]))
total_now = data_2[0]+data_2[1]+data_2[2]+data_2[3] + \
data_2[4]+data_2[5]+data_2[6]+data_2[7]+data_2[8]+data_2[9]
idle_now = data_2[3]
total = int(total_now - self.__total_last)
idle = int(idle_now - self.__idle_last)
usage = int(total - idle)
usageRate = int(float(usage / total) * 100)
self.__str_CPU = "CPU:" + str(usageRate) + "%"
self.__total_last = 0
self.__idle_last = 0
return self.__str_CPU
# 读取系统时间
# Read system time
def getSystemTime(self):
cmd = "date +%H:%M:%S"
date_time = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_Time = str(date_time).lstrip("b'")
str_Time = str_Time.rstrip("\\n'")
return str_Time
# 读取内存占用率 和 总内存
# Read the memory usage and total memory
def getUsagedRAM(self):
cmd = "free | awk 'NR==2{printf \"RAM:%2d%% -> %.1fGB \", 100*($2-$7)/$2, ($2/1048576.0)}'"
FreeRam = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_FreeRam = str(FreeRam).lstrip("b'")
str_FreeRam = str_FreeRam.rstrip("'")
return str_FreeRam
# 读取空闲的内存 / 总内存
# Read free memory/total memory
def getFreeRAM(self):
cmd = "free -h | awk 'NR==2{printf \"RAM: %.1f/%.1fGB \", $7,$2}'"
FreeRam = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_FreeRam = str(FreeRam).lstrip("b'")
str_FreeRam = str_FreeRam.rstrip("'")
return str_FreeRam
# 读取TF卡空间占用率 / TF卡总空间
# Read the TF card space usage/TOTAL TF card space
def getUsagedDisk(self):
cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"SDC:%s -> %.1fGB\", $5, $2}'"
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_Disk = str(Disk).lstrip("b'")
str_Disk = str_Disk.rstrip("'")
return str_Disk
# 读取空闲的TF卡空间 / TF卡总空间
# Read the free TF card space/total TF card space
def getFreeDisk(self):
cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"Disk:%.1f/%.1fGB\", $4,$2}'"
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_Disk = str(Disk).lstrip("b'")
str_Disk = str_Disk.rstrip("'")
return str_Disk
# 获取本机IP
# Read the local IP address
def getLocalIP(self):
ip = os.popen(
"/sbin/ifconfig enP8p1s0 | grep 'inet' | awk '{print $2}'").read()
ip = ip[0: ip.find('\n')]
if(ip == ''):
ip = os.popen(
"/sbin/ifconfig wlP1p1s0 | grep 'inet' | awk '{print $2}'").read()
ip = ip[0: ip.find('\n')]
if(ip == ''):
ip = 'x.x.x.x'
if len(ip) > 15:
ip = 'x.x.x.x'
return ip
# oled主要运行函数，在while循环里调用，可实现热插拔功能。
# Oled mainly runs functions that are called in a while loop and can be hot-pluggable
def main_program(self):
state = False
try:
cpu_index = 0
state = self.begin()
while state:
self.clear()
str_CPU = self.getCPULoadRate(cpu_index)
str_Time = self.getSystemTime()
if cpu_index == 0:
str_FreeRAM = self.getUsagedRAM()
str_Disk = self.getUsagedDisk()
str_IP = "IPA:" + self.getLocalIP()
self.add_text(0, 0, str_CPU)
self.add_text(50, 0, str_Time)
self.add_line(str_FreeRAM, 2)
self.add_line(str_Disk, 3)
self.add_line(str_IP, 4)
self.refresh()
cpu_index = cpu_index + 1
if cpu_index >= 5:
cpu_index = 0
time.sleep(.1)
except:
if self.__debug:
print("!!!---OLED refresh error---!!!")
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
oled = Juxi_OLED(i2c_num, debug=True)
while True:
oled.main_program()
time.sleep(2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
oled.clear(True)
del oled
print(" Program closed! ")
pass프로그램을 실행하면 OLED에 CPU 사용률, 시스템 시간, 메모리 사용률 등 시스템 정보가 표시됩니다:
라즈베리파이, Orange Pi(오렌지파이)
1. I2C 옵션 켜기
라즈베리파이 시스템 설정에 들어가서 선택: 기본 설정→Raspberry Pi Configuration→Interfaces→I2C 옵션을 찾아 켜면 시스템이 재부팅됩니다.(아래 그림 참조)
명령 모드라면 sudo raspi-config를 입력해도 같은 옵션을 찾아 I2C를 켠 뒤 시스템을 재부팅할 수 있습니다.
2. I2C 라이브러리 설치
PowerShell
sudo apt install -y python3-dev
sudo apt install -y python3-smbus i2c-tools
sudo apt install -y python3-pil
sudo apt install -y python3-pip
sudo apt install -y python3-setuptools
sudo apt install -y python3-rpi.gpio
sudo apt install -y python3-venv여기서는 Python3를 사용합니다. I2C 라이브러리를 설치한 후 i2cdetect 명령으로 디스플레이 모듈이 인식되는지 확인합니다
PowerShell
i2cdetect -y 1디바이스가 주소 "0x3c"로 감지된 것으로 표시됩니다(아래 그림). 이 유형의 장치는 기본적으로 16진수 주소입니다.
3. 폰트 파일 설정
코드에서 DejaVuSansMono.ttf 폰트를 사용합니다:
PowerShell
sudo apt-get install -y fonts-dejavu-core또는 코드를 시스템에 이미 있는 폰트로 변경합니다(예: ImageFont.load_default())
4. 권한 설정
I2C 디바이스 파일 권한이 올바른지 확인합니다:
PowerShell
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/i2c-* # Temporary; for permanent effect, configure udev rules5. IP 주소 포트 확인
ifconfig로 실제 IP 주소 포트를 확인합니다
PowerShell
# (If net-tools is not installed) sudo apt install net-tools
ifconfig실제 포트에 맞춰 코드에서 아래 두 박스 부분을 변경합니다
6. Oled_i2c.py 파일 만들기
Home 디렉터리에 Oled_i2c.py 파일을 만듭니다
PowerShell
# (If gedit is not installed) sudo apt install gedit
sudo gedit Oled_i2c.py아래 코드를 복사해 파일에 붙여넣고, 저장 후 닫습니다
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding=utf-8
import time
import os
import sys
i2c_num = 7
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
if str(sys.argv[1]).isdigit():
i2c_num = int(sys.argv[1])
print("i2c_num=", i2c_num)
passwd = "juxi"
cmd_i2c = "sudo i2cdetect -y -r " + str(i2c_num)
os.system('echo %s | sudo -S %s' % (passwd, cmd_i2c))
import Adafruit_SSD1306 as SSD
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
from PIL import ImageFont
import subprocess
class Juxi_OLED:
def __init__(self, i2c_bus=1, debug=False):
self.__debug = debug
self.__i2c_bus = i2c_bus
self.__top = -2
self.__x = 0
self.__total_last = 0
self.__idle_last = 0
self.__str_CPU = "CPU:0%"
def __del__(self):
if self.__debug:
print("---OLED-DEL---")
# 初始化OLED，成功返回:True，失败返回:False
# Initialize OLED, return True on success, False on failure
def begin(self):
try:
self.__oled = SSD.SSD1306_128_32(
rst=None, i2c_bus=self.__i2c_bus, gpio=1)
self.__oled.begin()
self.__oled.clear()
self.__oled.display()
self.__width = self.__oled.width
self.__height = self.__oled.height
self.__image = Image.new('1', (self.__width, self.__height))
self.__draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.__image)
self.__font = ImageFont.truetype("DejaVuSansMono.ttf",8) # ImageFont.load_default()
if self.__debug:
print("---OLED begin ok!---")
return True
except:
if self.__debug:
print("---OLED no found!---")
return False
# 清除显示。refresh=True立即刷新，refresh=False不刷新。
# Clear the display. Refresh =True Refresh immediately, refresh=False refresh not
def clear(self, refresh=False):
self.__draw.rectangle(
(0, 0, self.__width, self.__height), outline=0, fill=0)
if refresh:
self.refresh()
# 增加字符。start_x start_y表示开始的点。text是要增加的字符。
# refresh=True立即刷新，refresh=False不刷新。
# Add characters. Start_x Start_y indicates the starting point. Text is the character to be added
# Refresh =True Refresh immediately, refresh=False refresh not
def add_text(self, start_x, start_y, text, refresh=False):
if start_x > 128 or start_x < 0 or start_y < 0 or start_y > 32:
if self.__debug:
print("oled text: x, y input error!")
return
x = int(start_x + self.__x)
y = int(start_y + self.__top)
self.__draw.text((x, y), str(text), font=self.__font, fill=255)
if refresh:
self.refresh()
# 写入一行字符text。refresh=True立即刷新，refresh=False不刷新。
# line=[1, 4]
# Write a line of character text. Refresh =True Refresh immediately, refresh=False refresh not.
def add_line(self, text, line=1, refresh=False):
if line < 1 or line > 4:
if self.__debug:
print("oled line input error!")
return
y = int(8 * (line - 1))
self.add_text(0, y, text, refresh)
# 刷新OLED，显示内容
# Refresh the OLED to display the content
def refresh(self):
self.__oled.image(self.__image)
self.__oled.display()
# 读取CPU占用率
# Read the CPU usage rate
def getCPULoadRate(self, index):
count = 10
if index == 0:
f1 = os.popen("cat /proc/stat", 'r')
stat1 = f1.readline()
data_1 = []
for i in range(count):
data_1.append(int(stat1.split(' ')[i+2]))
self.__total_last = data_1[0]+data_1[1]+data_1[2]+data_1[3] + \
data_1[4]+data_1[5]+data_1[6]+data_1[7]+data_1[8]+data_1[9]
self.__idle_last = data_1[3]
elif index == 4:
f2 = os.popen("cat /proc/stat", 'r')
stat2 = f2.readline()
data_2 = []
for i in range(count):
data_2.append(int(stat2.split(' ')[i+2]))
total_now = data_2[0]+data_2[1]+data_2[2]+data_2[3] + \
data_2[4]+data_2[5]+data_2[6]+data_2[7]+data_2[8]+data_2[9]
idle_now = data_2[3]
total = int(total_now - self.__total_last)
idle = int(idle_now - self.__idle_last)
usage = int(total - idle)
usageRate = int(float(usage / total) * 100)
self.__str_CPU = "CPU:" + str(usageRate) + "%"
self.__total_last = 0
self.__idle_last = 0
return self.__str_CPU
# 读取系统时间
# Read system time
def getSystemTime(self):
cmd = "date +%H:%M:%S"
date_time = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_Time = str(date_time).lstrip("b'")
str_Time = str_Time.rstrip("\\n'")
return str_Time
# 读取内存占用率 和 总内存
# Read the memory usage and total memory
def getUsagedRAM(self):
cmd = "free | awk 'NR==2{printf \"RAM:%2d%% -> %.1fGB \", 100*($2-$7)/$2, ($2/1048576.0)}'"
FreeRam = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_FreeRam = str(FreeRam).lstrip("b'")
str_FreeRam = str_FreeRam.rstrip("'")
return str_FreeRam
# 读取空闲的内存 / 总内存
# Read free memory/total memory
def getFreeRAM(self):
cmd = "free -h | awk 'NR==2{printf \"RAM: %.1f/%.1fGB \", $7,$2}'"
FreeRam = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_FreeRam = str(FreeRam).lstrip("b'")
str_FreeRam = str_FreeRam.rstrip("'")
return str_FreeRam
# 读取TF卡空间占用率 / TF卡总空间
# Read the TF card space usage/TOTAL TF card space
def getUsagedDisk(self):
cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"SDC:%s -> %.1fGB\", $5, $2}'"
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_Disk = str(Disk).lstrip("b'")
str_Disk = str_Disk.rstrip("'")
return str_Disk
# 读取空闲的TF卡空间 / TF卡总空间
# Read the free TF card space/total TF card space
def getFreeDisk(self):
cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"Disk:%.1f/%.1fGB\", $4,$2}'"
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
str_Disk = str(Disk).lstrip("b'")
str_Disk = str_Disk.rstrip("'")
return str_Disk
# 获取本机IP
# Read the local IP address
def getLocalIP(self):
ip = os.popen(
"/sbin/ifconfig enP8p1s0 | grep 'inet' | awk '{print $2}'").read()
ip = ip[0: ip.find('\n')]
if(ip == ''):
ip = os.popen(
"/sbin/ifconfig wlP1p1s0 | grep 'inet' | awk '{print $2}'").read()
ip = ip[0: ip.find('\n')]
if(ip == ''):
ip = 'x.x.x.x'
if len(ip) > 15:
ip = 'x.x.x.x'
return ip
# oled主要运行函数，在while循环里调用，可实现热插拔功能。
# Oled mainly runs functions that are called in a while loop and can be hot-pluggable
def main_program(self):
state = False
try:
cpu_index = 0
state = self.begin()
while state:
self.clear()
str_CPU = self.getCPULoadRate(cpu_index)
str_Time = self.getSystemTime()
if cpu_index == 0:
str_FreeRAM = self.getUsagedRAM()
str_Disk = self.getUsagedDisk()
str_IP = "IPA:" + self.getLocalIP()
self.add_text(0, 0, str_CPU)
self.add_text(50, 0, str_Time)
self.add_line(str_FreeRAM, 2)
self.add_line(str_Disk, 3)
self.add_line(str_IP, 4)
self.refresh()
cpu_index = cpu_index + 1
if cpu_index >= 5:
cpu_index = 0
time.sleep(.1)
except:
if self.__debug:
print("!!!---OLED refresh error---!!!")
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
oled = Juxi_OLED(i2c_num, debug=True)
while True:
oled.main_program()
time.sleep(2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
oled.clear(True)
del oled
print(" Program closed! ")
pass7. 가상 환경 만들기
PowerShell
# Install virtualenv tool (if not installed) sudo apt-get install -y python3-venv
# Create a virtual environment
python3 -m venv oled_env
# Activate:source oled_env/bin/activate # After activation, (oled_env) appears at the command prompt
# Install dependencies in the virtual environment
# Use the Aliyun mirror
pip install Adafruit_SSD1306 -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
# Also install pillow (dependency)
pip install pillow -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
# Run the code (must be inside the virtual environment)
# Go to the corresponding simple folder
cd /home/pi/oled-screen/luma.examples/examples
python3 oled_i2c.py # default bus 7
# Or specify a bus (e.g. bus 1)
python3 oled_i2c.py 1
# If a permission error occurs, check the sudo configuration or I2C device permissions공식 저장소 예제
JUXI는 OLED 화면용 오픈소스 드라이버 코드를 제공합니다: GitHub
I2C 드라이버 예제
bash
sudo apt install -y python3-pip
sudo pip3 install smbus Adafruit_SSD1306python
import Adafruit_SSD1306
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
# 初始化 OLED (128x32)
disp = Adafruit_SSD1306.SSD1306_128_32(rst=None)
disp.begin()
disp.clear()
disp.display()
# 绘制文字
image = Image.new('1', (disp.width, disp.height))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
draw.text((0, 0), 'Hello Juxi!', font=ImageFont.load_default(), fill=255)
disp.image(image)
disp.display()